Data Science Foundation

DS2010 — PERKESO Retraining Programme

Day 1 & Day 2 Reference Deck  |  Dr Caroline Ang, AI Growth Catalyst

Dr. Caroline Ang

Conscious Futurist · Growth Architect · ACIS

100K+
Global Community

3K+
Engagements

200+
Organisations

39 yrs
Practice

Doctorate UWTSD · MBA Cardiff Met · Knight's Award 2023

About Your Facilitator

What I Do — And Why It Matters to You

"Most organisations have a thinking problem. Not a technology problem."

My Work

AI & Intelligence Systems — AI literacy, human-AI collaboration, governance, and decision intelligence

Corporate Governance & Strategy — Board advisory, risk, succession, and transformation

Executive Learning — Masterclasses for boards, C-suites, universities, and communities

Ventures & Ecosystem Building — Strategic advisor to ProppyApp, New Energy Valley, ITEC SEA

Why I'm Here Today

This programme sits at the intersection of two things I care deeply about — making data intelligence accessible to everyone, and helping people in career transition build real, marketable skills. You are not starting from zero. You are starting from experience.

C² Compass · C³ OS · C⁴ Ecosystem · linkedin.com/in/drcarolineang

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Welcome to DS2010

You Are Already Further Along Than You Think

This programme is not about starting from zero. Every one of you brings real-world experience — industry knowledge, problem-solving habits, and an understanding of how organisations work. Data science is a set of structured thinking tools that lets you apply that experience more powerfully.

Over five days you will learn to ask sharper questions, work confidently with evidence, prepare and evaluate information, use AI tools responsibly, and communicate findings clearly. These are practical employability capabilities that employers across every sector value.

Five-Day Course Map

Your DS2010 Learning Journey

1

Part 1

Introduction to Data Science

2

Part 2

Data Collection & Preparation

3

Part 3

Exploratory Data Analysis

4

Part 4

Data Visualisation Techniques

5

Part 5

Introduction to Machine Learning

Dr Caroline Ang facilitates Day 1 (Part 1) and Day 2 (Part 2). Appointed specialist trainers lead the sessions ahead. This deck is your reference for the full five-day arc, with a deep dive into the first two days.

Programme Context

Who This Programme Is For

The Six of You

Six participants, each with prior industry experience, now upskilling through PERKESO's Employment Insurance Scheme to build new, in-demand capabilities and re-enter the workforce with confidence.

What You Will Walk Away With

  • A structured way to frame problems using evidence
  • Practical experience preparing real-looking data
  • Exposure to AI tools used in professional settings
  • A reusable reference pack for your next role
  • A personal data-readiness note to show employers
Chapter 1

Part 1: Introduction to Data Science

Part 1 — Core Idea

What Is Data Science, Really?

Data science is not just programming or statistics. At its core, it is a disciplined way of turning raw, messy information into decisions that are grounded in evidence rather than gut feeling alone. It combines curiosity, critical thinking, domain knowledge and — yes — some tools and techniques.

Ask

Frame a clear, answerable question

Collect

Gather relevant, trustworthy data

Understand

Find patterns and test assumptions

Communicate

Share findings to enable action

You do not need to be a programmer to contribute meaningfully to this process. Domain knowledge, careful thinking and clear communication are equally important skills.

The New Landscape

How AI Changed Data Science Forever

Before AI

  • Needed Python/R coding skills to analyse data
  • EDA took days of manual work
  • Visualisations required specialist tools
  • Reports written manually from scratch
  • Only data scientists could do data science

After AI

  • Ask questions in plain English — AI writes the code
  • EDA in minutes with ChatGPT, Julius, or Manus
  • Charts generated instantly from a prompt
  • Reports drafted by Claude or Gamma in seconds
  • Anyone with domain knowledge can contribute

AI did not make data scientists obsolete. It made data science accessible to everyone — including you.

Framework: Data to Decision

From Raw Facts to Real Change

Every responsible data project follows this arc. The goal is never to produce a chart or a model — the goal is to support a better decision and to learn from what happens next. Keep this framework in mind throughout all five days.

Activity: Data, Information or Insight?

Classify These Three Statements

Look at the three statements below, drawn from the fictional JobSeeker360 Dataset. Discuss in pairs and decide how to classify each one.

Use Case: Part 1

The Mystery of Slow
Re-employment

A programme manager at an employment-support organisation notices something troubling: some professionals in career transition find new work within weeks, while others are still unemployed months later. The organisation has data, but no one has yet asked the right question.

Use Case — Framing the Question

From Vague Concern to Clear Question

The first instinct is to ask "How do we help people get jobs?" That is too broad to answer with data. Good data science begins with a precise, measurable and responsible question.

"How might we use training, job-search activity, skills and support-channel data to understand which re-employment pathways are associated with shorter time to placement, without claiming that an association proves causation?"

Notice what this question does well: it specifies the fields to examine, names the outcome of interest (time to placement), and explicitly guards against a common mistake — treating correlation as proof of cause.

Activity: Question Auction

Which Questions Are Worth Asking?

You have a budget of ten tokens. Bid on the questions you believe are most useful and answerable with the JobSeeker360 Dataset. Discuss why some questions are more precise, more responsible or more actionable than others.

1

Descriptive

"How many participants completed at least one training course?"

2

Diagnostic

"Why do participants in some skills categories take longer to find work?"

3

Predictive

"Which participants are most likely to be placed within 60 days?"

4

Prescriptive

"What support actions should the programme prioritise to reduce average placement time?"

After bidding, debrief: which question type is easiest to answer with data? Which carries the highest risk if answered carelessly?

The Data-Science Lifecycle

Eight Stages Every Project Should Follow

1
1

Define

Clarify the question and purpose

2
2

Collect

Gather data from appropriate sources

3
3

Prepare

Clean, validate and structure the data

4
4

Explore

Identify patterns and anomalies

5
5

Model

Apply statistical or machine-learning techniques

6
6

Communicate

Present findings clearly

7
7

Act

Support a decision or change

8
8

Review

Evaluate outcomes and feed learning back to Define

Each stage feeds the next, and Review feeds back into Define. Skipping stages — particularly Prepare — is the most common cause of misleading analysis.

Activity: Build the Pipeline

Assemble the Lifecycle in the Right Order

Each participant receives one card printed with a lifecycle stage. Working together, arrange the eight stages in the correct sequence and agree on what each stage produces as an output. Two mistake cards are hidden in the deck:

Mistake Card 1

Building a model before checking the data. If the data contains errors, duplicates or missing values, the model will amplify those problems rather than solve them.

Mistake Card 2

Assuming correlation proves cause. Two variables moving together does not mean one causes the other. Responsible analysts always separate association from causation in their language and their reports.

When you find a mistake card, explain to the group what went wrong and how the correct lifecycle stage would have caught the error earlier.

Understanding Data Types

Not All Data Is the Same

Before you can analyse data, you need to understand what kind of data you are working with. Different types require different handling and different analytical techniques.

Numerical

Counts, measurements and amounts. Examples: days_to_placement, applications_submitted, interviews_attended.

Categorical

Labels and groups. Examples: skills_category, industry_background, placement_status, support_channel.

Date and Time

Dates, timestamps and durations. Require consistent formatting. Example: enrolment dates stored in mixed formats cause errors.

Free Text

Unstructured entries such as open comments. Harder to analyse, but rich in context. Requires careful handling before use.

The Human and AI Data Team

Who Does What in a Modern Data Project?

Human Roles

  • Programme manager: defines the question and owns the decision
  • Data owner: knows what the fields actually mean
  • Analyst: prepares, explores and interprets the data
  • Communicator: translates findings for non-technical stakeholders

AI Tool Roles

  • ChatGPT: interactive analysis, code support, calculations
  • Custom GPT: repeatable, role-specific assistance
  • ChatGPT Project: persistent file and context workspace
  • Gemini Notebook: source-grounded research and briefing
  • Manus: end-to-end analysis and visual output

Session Close

Your Problem Statement

Before closing this session, each participant drafts a personal problem statement using the template below. This will reopen the next session and anchor all the data-preparation work to a real question.

The Question

"We want to understand [outcome] so that [decision-maker] can [action]. We will use [data sources] and will avoid claiming that [association] proves [causation]."

The Success Criterion

"We will know we have answered the question when we can show [evidence] to [audience] in a way that supports [responsible action]."

Keep your problem statement visible. It is the compass for everything that follows over the next four days.

Chapter 2

Part 2: Data Collection & Preparation

Day 2  |  Facilitated by Dr Caroline Ang

Session Opening

Revisiting Your Problem Statement

We begin Day 2 by returning to the problem statement you drafted yesterday. Before any data can be collected, cleaned or analysed, the question must be clear enough to define exactly what data you need and what quality that data must meet.

From Day 1

You identified a focused, responsible question about career transition pathways. Today, we translate that question into specific data requirements.

Day 2 Goal

By the end of today, you will produce a data-readiness note that certifies whether the synthetic dataset is ready to pass to the next trainer for Exploratory Data Analysis.

The Fictional Dataset

Introducing the JobSeeker360 Dataset

This is a synthetic, fictional dataset created for training purposes only. It does not represent actual real participant records, real participants or real outcomes. It is designed to look realistic so that you can practise genuine data-preparation skills.

Use Case: Part 2

The Messy Spreadsheet Rescue

You receive a copy of the JobSeeker360 Dataset that has not been validated. It contains six categories of problem, each of which could distort any analysis built on top of it.

Duplicate Rows

The same participant appears more than once, inflating counts.

Inconsistent Labels

"IT" and "Information Technology" treated as different categories.

Missing Values

Blank cells in placement_status and days_to_placement.

Mixed Date Formats

Some entries use DD/MM/YYYY, others MM-DD-YY.

Invalid Numbers

Negative values in applications_submitted and days_to_placement.

Unclear Definitions

Does "placement" mean employed, or simply referred to an employer?

Activity: Data Quality Escape Room

Three Pairs, Three Missions

Working in three pairs, each team investigates a different category of data problem in the synthetic spreadsheet. You have 20 minutes to find as many issues as possible, document what you find and propose a resolution.

Pair A — Missing & Duplicate

Find all rows where key fields are blank. Identify any participant IDs that appear more than once. Decide whether to remove duplicates or flag them for review.

Pair B — Labels & Formats

Find all inconsistent category labels (e.g. "IT" vs "Information Technology"). Identify date entries that use a different format. Propose a standard label set and a single date format.


Pair C — Suspicious Values & Definitions

Find any numerical entries that seem implausible. Identify any field whose meaning is ambiguous. Draft a proposed definition for each unclear field.

The Data-Quality Wheel

Six Dimensions of Trustworthy Data

Before passing data to any analytical stage, check it against all six dimensions. A single unchecked dimension can undermine an otherwise well-conducted analysis.

Activity: Keep, Question or Remove

What Should We Collect?

Not every field in a dataset earns its place. Some fields are essential to answering the question; some are useful but not critical; some are sensitive and require justification; and some add noise without adding insight. Review each field in the JobSeeker360 Dataset and assign it a status.

Document your decisions. They become part of your data-readiness note at the end of Day 2.

Data Dictionaries

Why Every Field Needs a Clear Definition

A data dictionary is the contract between the people who create the data and the people who analyse it. Without it, two analysts can interpret the same field in entirely different ways and reach entirely different conclusions.

Field Name

The exact column name as it appears in the file. No abbreviations or alternative spellings.

Description

A plain-language explanation of what the field means and how it was collected.

Data Type

Numerical, categorical, date, or free text. Specifies how the field should be stored and handled.

Allowed Values

The complete list of valid entries, or the valid numerical range. Anything outside this range is an error.

Owner and Source

Who is responsible for this field and where the data comes from. Essential for traceability.

Activity: The Data Dictionary Challenge

Definition Court

Five fields from the JobSeeker360 Dataset go on trial. Each round, four participants take a role and debate the correct definition before the group reaches a verdict.

The Analyst

Argues for the definition that makes the field most useful for analysis

The Data Owner

Explains how the field was actually collected and what the original intent was

The Programme Manager

Asks whether the definition supports the programme's reporting needs

The AI Assistant

Offers a suggested definition based on common conventions — but the group must verify it

Fields on trial: training_completed, placement_status, days_to_placement, support_channel, locality. For each field, the group votes on the final accepted definition.

AI Tool Demonstration

ChatGPT: Inspecting the Dataset

Upload the synthetic JobSeeker360 Dataset to ChatGPT Data Analysis. Ask it to report on data quality before any analysis begins. A responsible inspection prompt looks like this:

"You are a data quality assistant. Please inspect this file and report: row count, column names, data types, missing values per column, duplicate rows, inconsistent category labels, suspicious numerical values, date-format issues and any fields whose meaning is unclear. Do not make recommendations or draw conclusions until I ask you to."

ChatGPT should return a structured report. Review it carefully: it may miss issues, invent plausible-sounding values or misidentify data types. Treat its output as a first draft, not a final audit.

AI Tool Demonstration

ChatGPT Custom GPT: The Data Readiness Coach

A Custom GPT is a version of ChatGPT configured with specific instructions so that it behaves consistently for a defined task. The fictional Data Readiness Coach is configured with four standing rules:

1

Always start with data quality

Never attempt analysis before reporting on the state of the data.

2

Explain issues in plain language

No jargon. Any team member should be able to understand the report.

3

Separate facts from hypotheses

Clearly label what is observed, what is inferred and what is unknown.

4

Ask before changing anything irreversible

Confirm with the user before deleting rows, relabelling categories or imputing missing values.

AI Tool Demonstration

ChatGPT Projects: Your Analysis Workspace

A ChatGPT Project is a persistent workspace where you can store files, chat history, custom instructions and saved outputs together. For this programme, a project workspace might contain:

  • The synthetic JobSeeker360 Dataset (CSV)
  • The data dictionary (document)
  • Course notes from Days 1 and 2
  • Your problem statement
  • Saved outputs from previous sessions

AI Tool Demonstration

Gemini Notebook: Source-Grounded Learning

Gemini Notebook is a research and briefing workspace. You upload reference documents and ask questions that Gemini answers using only those sources — citing each claim back to its origin. This makes it ideal for learning, summarising and preparing briefing notes from trusted materials.

"Using only the uploaded sources, explain what each field in this data dictionary means, identify any missing definitions, and produce a short briefing for a beginner. Cite the source for each material statement. If the sources do not answer a question, say that the information is not available."

For this programme, upload the DS2010 course outline, the synthetic data dictionary, a short methodology note and a permitted reference document. Gemini Notebook is not the primary numerical data-analysis engine — use ChatGPT or Manus for calculations and statistics.

AI Tool Demonstration

Manus: End-to-End Analysis and Visual Output

Manus is an AI agent that can handle an end-to-end workflow: inspect data, identify patterns, generate visualisations, write explanatory text and produce a presentation-ready brief — all from a single structured prompt.

01

Inspect

Ask Manus to audit the prepared synthetic dataset for quality issues

02

Identify

Ask it to report no more than three evidence-based patterns, clearly labelled as observations

03

Visualise

Ask it to create one simple visual summary, such as placement status by support channel

04

Explain

Ask it to write a plain-language explanation of the visual for a non-technical reader

05

Brief

Ask it to produce a short decision brief that separates observed results, possible interpretations and unknowns

The AI Workbench

Choosing the Right Tool for Each Task

Responsible AI — A Practical Checklist

Eight Questions Before You Act on Any AI Output

1

Purpose

Is this AI use clearly justified by the task?

2

Privacy

Does the data contain anything that could identify a real person?

3

Data Quality

Has the data been validated before being fed to the model?

4

Assumptions

What assumptions has the AI made that have not been stated?

Continued on next slide →

Responsible AI — A Practical Checklist

Eight Questions Before You Act on Any AI Output

Questions 5–8

1

Human Review

Has a person checked the output before it is shared or acted upon?

2

Fairness

Could this output disadvantage any group or individual unfairly?

3

Explainability

Can you explain how the finding was reached in plain language?

4

Traceability

Is there a record of the data, tool, prompt and output used?

Activity: The Data-Ready Handover

Is the Dataset Ready for EDA?

At the end of Day 2, each group prepares a data-readiness note — a short, structured document that certifies the state of the dataset before it is handed to the next trainer. This mirrors professional data-handover practice.

Continued on next slide →

Activity: The Data-Ready Handover

Is the Dataset Ready for EDA?

Activity: Handover Relay

Passing the Baton to Day 3

Working as a full group, complete the data-readiness note for the synthetic JobSeeker360 Dataset. Each pair contributes one section based on their Escape Room findings. The group then reads the note aloud and votes: Ready, Ready with conditions, or Not ready — more work needed.

If You Vote "Ready"

The dataset moves to EDA. The note travels with it as the official record of what was done, what was assumed and what remains unresolved.

If You Vote "Not Ready"

Identify the single most important issue to resolve first. Agree who is responsible and what a resolution looks like. This is realistic — most datasets need at least one iteration before analysis can begin responsibly.

Chapter 3

Preview: Part 3 — Exploratory Data Analysis

Day 3  |  Delivered by an appointed specialist trainer

Part 3 Preview — EDA

What Is Happening in the Data?

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is the stage where you look systematically at patterns, distributions, relationships and anomalies in the cleaned dataset. EDA asks what is happening — it does not automatically tell you why it is happening. Interpretation requires domain knowledge and careful reasoning.

Distributions

How are values spread across a field? Are most participants placed within 30 days, or is the spread wide?

Group Comparisons

Do placement rates differ by support channel or skills category? EDA surfaces these differences for further investigation.

Outliers and Anomalies

Which data points fall far outside the typical range? Are they errors, or genuinely unusual cases worth understanding?

The next trainer will guide you through structured EDA using the cleaned dataset you prepared and handed over at the end of Day 2.

Chapter 4

Preview: Part 4 — Data Visualisation Techniques

Day 4  |  Delivered by an appointed specialist trainer

Part 4 Preview — Visualisation

Turning a Finding Into a Chart

In Day 4, you will learn the principles of effective data visualisation: choosing the right chart type, designing for clarity, and avoiding common misrepresentations. As a preview, consider how one validated finding from EDA might be communicated visually.

Suppose EDA reveals that participants who used online support channels were placed faster than those who used in-person channels. A simple grouped bar chart — placement status by support channel — communicates this finding in seconds to a decision-maker who has not read the analysis. Using a tool such as Manus, you can generate a draft of this chart from your prepared data and then refine it in Day 4.

Chapter 5

Preview: Part 5 — Introduction to Machine Learning

Day 5  |  Delivered by an appointed specialist trainer

Part 5 Preview — Machine Learning

Supporting Decisions Without Replacing Judgement

Machine learning (ML) uses patterns in historical data to make predictions about new cases. In our career transition context, a simple classification model might prioritise which participants may benefit most from additional support — based on features such as training completion, number of applications and support channel used.

Feature

An input variable the model uses — e.g. training_completed, applications_submitted

Label

The outcome the model is trained to predict — e.g. placement_status

Prediction

The model's output for a new, unseen participant

False Positive

Model predicts "needs support" but participant would have been placed without it

False Negative

Model predicts "on track" but participant actually needs support

Five-Day Handover

Who Teaches What — and When

The data-readiness note you produce at the end of Day 2 travels with the dataset through the sessions ahead. It is your professional contribution to the full analytical pipeline.

Reference Section

Reference Materials

Reusable tools for post-class practice, independent study and your first role.

Reference: Reusable Prompt Library

Prompts for ChatGPT, Manus and Gemini Notebook

Copy, adapt and reuse these prompts in your own projects. Always replace the bracketed placeholders with your actual context.

ChatGPT — Data Inspection

"Inspect this dataset and report: row count, column names, data types, missing values, duplicate rows, inconsistent labels, suspicious values and unclear fields. Do not recommend actions yet."

Manus — End-to-End Brief

"Inspect the attached data, identify no more than three evidence-based patterns, create one simple visual summary of [finding], explain the visual in plain language, and produce a short decision brief that separates observed results, possible interpretations and unknowns."

Continued on next slide →

Reference: Reusable Prompt Library

Prompts for ChatGPT, Manus and Gemini Notebook

Copy, adapt and reuse these prompts in your own projects. Always replace the bracketed placeholders with your actual context.

Gemini Notebook — Grounded Briefing

"Using only the uploaded sources, explain what each field in this data dictionary means, identify any missing definitions, and produce a short briefing for a beginner. Cite the source for each material statement. If the sources do not answer a question, say that the information is not available."

Any Tool — Responsible Framing

"Separate your response into three sections: (1) what the data clearly shows, (2) what might be inferred but requires further investigation, and (3) what is unknown or not addressed by this data. Do not mix observations with interpretations."

Reference: Data-Quality Checklist

Before You Pass Any Dataset Forward

  • All rows with the same participant_id represent the same, non-duplicated record
  • No key fields (outcome, identifier, date) contain blank or null values without documented justification
  • All categorical fields use a single, consistent label list with no spelling variants
  • All date fields use a single agreed format throughout the entire file
  • All numerical fields contain values within the expected valid range (no negatives where impossible)
  • Every field has an entry in the data dictionary with a clear, agreed definition
  • Fields containing potentially sensitive information have been flagged and reviewed
  • The source and version of the file are recorded and traceable
  • Unresolved issues are documented and communicated to the next person in the pipeline
  • A human has reviewed the quality report before the dataset is used for analysis

Reference: Data Dictionary Template

A Field Definition You Can Reuse

Reference: Data-Readiness Handover Template

Your Professional Handover Note

Purpose

State the question this dataset was prepared to help answer. One or two sentences.

Dataset Version

File name, date, and version number of the file being handed over.

Fields Used

List every retained field with a one-line justification for its inclusion.

Changes Made

Describe every cleaning action: duplicates removed, labels standardised, formats corrected.

Unresolved Issues

List problems that were identified but not fully resolved. Be specific.

Assumptions

Record every decision made where the data did not make the answer clear.

Limitations

What can this dataset NOT answer? Where might it be incomplete or biased?

Privacy Considerations

Flag any sensitive fields and describe how they were handled.

Questions for the Data Owner

List every outstanding question that requires a human decision before EDA begins.

Reference: Participant Reflection

What Have You Learned? What Will You Do Next?

Take ten minutes before leaving today to reflect on your learning journey so far. Use the questions below as prompts — honest reflection is one of the most effective learning strategies you can practise.

What I Understood

Which concept or activity gave you the clearest "aha" moment? Why did it click?


What I Found Difficult

Where did you feel uncertain or confused? Naming the gap is the first step to closing it.

What I Will Try

Identify one concrete action you will take in the next two weeks — a prompt to test, a dataset to inspect, a question to ask.


What I Want to Explore in the sessions ahead

What question are you most curious about as you move into EDA, visualisation and machine learning?


How This Connects to My Career

Name one way data literacy could strengthen your value in your next role or industry.

Looking Ahead

What Happens in the Sessions Ahead

You have built a solid foundation over the sessions so far. Here is what the appointed specialist trainers will take you through next, building directly on the cleaned dataset and problem statement you have prepared.

Day 3 — Exploratory Data Analysis

Systematically examine the cleaned dataset. Surface patterns, distributions, group differences and outliers. Learn to distinguish observation from interpretation.

Day 4 — Data Visualisation Techniques

Choose the right chart for each finding. Design for clarity and honesty. Use visualisation tools to communicate insights to decision-makers who were not in the room.

Day 5 — Introduction to Machine Learning

Build your first classification example. Understand features, labels, predictions and errors. Learn when to use ML — and when human judgement must take precedence.

Good analysis begins before the analysis. The work you did on Days 1 and 2 makes everything that follows more reliable, more honest and more useful.

Cohort Spotlight

Meet Your Cohort

Six Professionals, Six Perspectives

This cohort unites professionals from various fields, including content moderation and 3D animation. They are all upskilling through PERKESO's Employment Insurance Scheme, bringing rich, diverse experiences to their learning journey.

Cohort Spotlight

Your Backgrounds Are an Asset

In data science, diverse industry backgrounds are a profound strength. Your unique experiences provide invaluable perspectives, helping you identify critical insights and ask pertinent questions, enhancing outcomes beyond what a pure technician might achieve.

Content Moderation

Classification & Evaluation. Understanding harmful patterns and human judgement at scale is directly relevant to data labelling and model evaluation.

3D Animation

Visual Storytelling & Spatial Reasoning. Expertise in rendering pipelines is directly relevant to data visualisation and communicating complex findings.

Your Industry

Domain Knowledge. Whatever your background, your specific domain knowledge helps you ask better questions and find more relevant insights than a pure technician could.

AI Tool Demos

Your AI Toolkit — Live Demos

Free tools available now — try them today

All tools demonstrated today are free to use. We will walk through each one live using the JobSeeker360 Dataset as our working example.

AI Tool Demo

ChatGPT Data Analysis — Upload & Interrogate

Free at chatgpt.com — no account required for basic use

Upload Your Data

Click "+" and upload your CSV file.

Summarize the Dataset

Ask ChatGPT to describe rows, columns, and fields.

Identify Key Trends

Ask which sector has the highest time-to-employment.

Visualize Data

Request a bar chart by age group.

Export Your Insights

Download the generated chart as an image.

Note: ChatGPT writes Python behind the scenes — you just ask.

AI Tool Demo

Gemini Notebook — Source-Grounded Research

Free at gemininotebook.google.com — sign in with any Google account

Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM) lets you upload multiple documents and ask questions that are answered only from those sources — with citations. It now also runs code for data analysis (Ultra/Pro users).

What You Can Upload (up to 50 sources per notebook — free)

PDFs

Research papers, reports, policy documents

CSVs & Spreadsheets

Google Sheets and Excel/CSV data files

Google Docs & Word Files

Google Docs and Microsoft Word/PowerPoint files

YouTube URLs & Web Links

Video transcripts and web page content

Audio Files

Recorded interviews, lectures, and podcasts

Note: All answers are grounded in your uploaded sources — Gemini will not hallucinate beyond them.

AI Tool Demo

Gemini Notebook — Live Demo Steps

Follow along at gemininotebook.google.com

Go to gemininotebook.google.com → Create new notebook

Upload: the synthetic JobSeeker360 Dataset + any PERKESO policy PDF

Ask: "What are the main factors affecting re-employment speed according to these sources?"

Ask: "Generate a study guide summarising the key variables in this dataset"

Click "Audio Overview" to generate a podcast-style summary you can listen to

Note: Each answer includes a citation — click it to see exactly which source it came from.

AI Tool Demo

Claude — Reading PDFs and Writing Reports

Free at claude.ai — sign in with email

Upload a PDF Report

Extract key statistics or summarise any uploaded document.

Compare Two Documents

Ask Claude what changed between two document versions.

Write a Data Brief

Turn EDA findings into a one-page executive brief.

Check Your Analysis

Verify that your conclusion logically follows from the data.

Note: Claude can also output Excel, Word, and PowerPoint files.

AI Tool Demo

Manus — Autonomous End-to-End Analysis

Free tier at manus.im — 300 credits refreshed daily

Manus is an autonomous AI agent. You give it a task and it works through it step by step — browsing, writing code, generating charts, and producing a final report — without you needing to guide each step.

Sign up at manus.im (free — 300 credits/day)

Start a new task: "Analyse this CSV file. Identify the top 3 factors associated with faster re-employment. Produce a 1-page visual summary."

Manus inspects the data, writes Python, generates charts, and writes explanatory text.

Download the finished report as a PDF or presentation.

Think of Manus as a junior analyst who works overnight and hands you a finished brief in the morning.

Note: Free plan uses Manus 1.6 Lite. Complex multi-step tasks may consume credits quickly — keep tasks focused.

AI Tool Demo

Gamma — Turning Your Analysis Into a Report

You are already using it — here is what else it can do

Gamma is not just for presentations. You can use it to turn raw data findings, PDFs, or notes into a polished, shareable report in minutes.

How to Use Gamma for Reporting

  • Upload a PDF or paste your findings → Gamma structures it into a visual document
  • Ask the AI assistant to add charts, infographics, or summaries
  • Share a live link — no PowerPoint file needed
  • Export as PDF for formal submission

A Gamma report is responsive, mobile-friendly, and always up to date — unlike a static PDF.

Live demo steps on next slide →

AI Tool Demo

Gamma — Live Demo: Build a Mini Report

Follow along at gamma.app

Open a new Gamma document

Paste: Here are my EDA findings: [paste 3 bullet points from your analysis]

Ask: Turn this into a 3-section report with a summary, a chart, and a recommendation

Share the link with your trainer

Note: Your report is live instantly — no download, no file attachment needed.

LinkedIn as Data

Your LinkedIn Profile Is a Dataset

And most people never read it.

Most job seekers treat LinkedIn as a digital CV — something you set up and forget. But LinkedIn generates rich, real-time data about how visible you are, who is finding you, and whether your profile is working. Learning to read that data is a data science skill in itself.

Profile Data

Your headline, summary, skills, and experience are structured data fields. Each one is indexed and searchable.

Engagement Data

Post impressions, comments, reactions, and shares tell you what content resonates with your target audience.

Audience Data

Who viewed your profile, what industry they are in, what job title they hold — this is your market research, for free.

LinkedIn as Data

Live Demo — Dr. Caroline Ang's LinkedIn Dashboard

linkedin.com/in/drcarolineang

Look at the four key metrics on screen. What story do you think the data is telling?

LinkedIn as Data

What Do These Numbers Actually Mean?

846 Post Impressions (7 days) ↑299%

A 299% spike means one post dramatically outperformed your baseline. Which post was it? What made it different? That is your content data telling you what to repeat.

6,349 Total Followers ↑1%

Steady but slow. 1% weekly = ~63 new followers. The real question: are they recruiters, peers, or potential clients in your target industry?

904 Profile Viewers (90 days) ↑174%

174% more people visited your profile vs the prior week. Something triggered this — a viral post, a comment on someone else's post, or a new connection sharing your profile.

61 Search Appearances (Aug 4–10) — 0% change

You appeared in 61 searches but growth is flat. This means your keywords are working — but not expanding. Time to add new skills or update your headline.

Note: Each number is a data point. Together they form a story about visibility, relevance, and momentum.

LinkedIn as Data

Use AI to Analyse & Improve Your LinkedIn Profile

ChatGPT + Claude as your personal career strategist

Profile Audit

Ask: "Score my LinkedIn headline and summary out of 10. What are the top 3 things to change?"

Keyword Gap Analysis

Ask: "What keywords am I missing that recruiters would search for in this role?"

Rewrite My Headline

Ask: "Write 5 LinkedIn headlines for someone upskilling in data science. Make them searchable and human."

Interpret My Analytics

Ask: "What story do these LinkedIn metrics tell? What should I do differently this week?"

Your LinkedIn profile is not a document — it is a living dataset. Treat it like one.

AI Career Coach

Your Resume vs The Job Market — Who's Winning?

Most job seekers apply and hope. Data-savvy job seekers analyse first. Before sending a single application, you can use AI to map exactly what the market wants — and how well your current profile matches it.

Job Market Analysis

Scrape and analyse 10–20 job listings for your target role. Find the most common required skills, keywords, and qualifications. This is real data.

Resume Gap Analysis

Compare your resume against those job listings. Identify what you have, what you're missing, and what to prioritise learning next.

Career Coach Simulation

Use ChatGPT or Claude as a personal career coach. Feed it your resume and a job description. Ask it to interview you, score your fit, and give you a development plan.

AI Career Coach

Step 1 — Analyse the Job Market with AI

What does the market actually want from a data analyst in Malaysia?

Collect 10 Job Listings

Go to LinkedIn Jobs, JobStreet, or Indeed. Search "Data Analyst Malaysia". Copy the full text of 10 job descriptions into a single document.

Ask ChatGPT to Extract the Patterns

Paste all 10 job descriptions. Ask: "Analyse these 10 job descriptions. List the top 10 most frequently required skills, tools, and qualifications. Show me the frequency of each."

Build Your Skills Frequency Table

ChatGPT will return a ranked list. Common findings: Excel (9/10), SQL (8/10), Python (6/10), Power BI (7/10), communication skills (10/10). This IS data science — applied to your own career.

Identify the Must-Haves vs Nice-to-Haves

Ask: "Which of these skills appear in more than 70% of listings? Which are mentioned but not required?" Now you have a prioritised learning roadmap.

Note: You just did a frequency analysis on real market data. That is EDA applied to your job search.

AI Career Coach

Step 2 — Run Your Resume Through AI

Gap analysis, fit score, and a personalised development plan — in 5 minutes.

The Resume Gap Analysis

Paste your resume + one job description into Claude or ChatGPT. Use this exact prompt:

"You are a senior recruiter for a data analytics role in Malaysia. I will give you a job description and my resume. Score my fit out of 100. List: (1) my strengths for this role, (2) the gaps I need to close, (3) the top 3 skills I should learn next, and (4) one sentence I should add to my LinkedIn summary to better match this role."

The Career Coach Simulation

Take it further — ask AI to simulate a job interview:

"Based on my resume and this job description, ask me the 5 most likely interview questions for this role. After I answer each one, give me feedback on how a recruiter would score my answer."

This is not cheating — this is data-driven career strategy. Every competitive job seeker should be doing this.

AI Career Coach

Activity — Analyse Your Own Job Target

15 minutes. Real job. Real resume. Real feedback.

I Have a Target Role

Go to JobStreet or LinkedIn. Find one real job listing for your target role. Paste it + your resume into ChatGPT. Ask for a fit score and top 3 gaps. Share your score with the group.

I'm Still Exploring

Search "Data Analyst Malaysia" on LinkedIn Jobs. Copy 5 job descriptions. Ask ChatGPT: "What are the top 5 skills that appear across all these listings?" Use the answer to shortlist what to learn first.

I Want Interview Practice

Paste your resume into Claude. Ask: "What role do you think I am best suited for in data science, based on my background? Then ask me 3 interview questions for that role."

What was the most surprising thing AI told you about your own profile?

AI Tool Comparison

Choosing the Right Tool for the Job

Each tool has a sweet spot. Use this as a quick reference when you are deciding which AI to reach for.

Hands-On Activity

Try It Now — 20-Minute AI Sprint

Pick one tool, one question, one output

The Analyst (ChatGPT)

Upload the CSV and screenshot your best chart.

The Researcher (Gemini Notebook)

Upload CSV, ask about career transitions, generate Audio Overview.

The Writer (Claude)

Paste findings and ask Claude for a 200-word summary.

Debrief: What surprised you?

Career Opportunity

Turn Your New Skills Into Freelance Income

You do not need to wait for a full-time data role to start earning with data skills. Freelance platforms let you take on small, paid projects while you are still learning — building your portfolio and income at the same time.

Fiverr (fiverr.com)

  • Create a "gig" offering data services starting from RM20–RM50
  • Popular data gigs: data cleaning, Excel dashboards, chart creation, survey analysis, PDF data extraction
  • Tip: Start with one specific service, not everything. "I will clean your messy Excel spreadsheet" beats "I do data science."
  • Free to join. Fiverr takes 20% commission.

Freelancer (freelancer.com)

  • Bid on posted projects from clients worldwide
  • Popular categories: data entry, data analysis, Python scripting, report writing, visualisation
  • Tip: Filter by "Fixed Price" projects under RM500 to find beginner-friendly work
  • Free to join. Paid membership unlocks more bids.

Your first freelance project does not need to be perfect — it needs to exist. Every expert started with their first RM50 gig.

Key Takeaway

AI Tools Don't Replace Your Thinking — They Amplify It

You Are the Analyst

AI tools handle the mechanical work. You define the question, interpret the result, and make the decision. That judgment cannot be automated.

Start Small, Build Confidence

Pick one tool. Try one task. The goal today is not mastery — it is familiarity. Mastery comes from repeated use on real problems.

Your Background Is Your Edge

A content moderator sees bias risks others miss. A 3D animator communicates findings visually. Your prior career is not baggage — it is your competitive advantage in data science.

The best data scientist in the room is not the one who knows the most code — it is the one who asks the best questions.